美國國務卿克林頓在河內對新聞界發表講話

美國國務卿克林頓在河內對新聞界發表講話
2010.07.23
美國國務院
發言人辦公室
即時發佈
2010/T32-21

國務卿希拉里.克林頓對新聞界發表講話
2010年7月23日
國家會議中心
越南 河內

國務卿克林頓：

大家下午好。今天我結束了擔任國務卿以來的第5次亞洲之行。昨天我來到越南，很榮幸能在這裡參加慶祝兩國外交關係正常化15周年。前一天，我在首 爾（Seoul)，作為國務卿第3次訪問韓國。國防部長蓋茨（Robert Gates)和我一起發出了強烈信息，即朝鮮戰爭爆發60年後，美韓同盟關係日益強大，為維護和平與安全做出了貢獻，並為整個地區的經濟增長創造了條件。

今天我剛剛完成與東盟（ASEAN)成員的代表和其他夥伴為期2天的密集磋商，在這裡尋求共同的目標：增進亞洲地區的安全、繁榮和機會。

昨天，我參加了一年一度的美國-東盟後續部長會議，討論了我國與東南亞日益加強的接觸，以及我們看到的今後多方面的機會——從擴大貿易投資，到加強和平與安全事務的合作，以及共同應對跨越國境的挑戰，如氣候變化、人口販運、核擴散和其他許多問題。

今天我參加入了更廣泛的東盟區域論壇年會，繼續進行和擴大我們的討論。正如我去年夏天在泰國出席這個論壇的會議時所說，奧巴馬政府致力於廣泛、深入、持續地與亞洲接觸。去年秋天我在夏威夷發表講話說，我們正重點加強亞太地區的體制框架。
在過去的18個月裡，我們已簽署《友好合作條約》（Treaty of Amity and Cooperation)，宣佈我們打算在雅加達（Jakarta)建立一個外交使團並任命一名駐東盟大使。我們還舉行了首屆美國-東盟峰會。我們還探討 了在次區域一級進行新的努力， 如新的湄公河三角州(Mekong Delta)夥伴關係。

為了在取得進展的基礎上再接再勵，我向各國代表表達了我們希望參與東亞峰會（East Asia Summit）的意圖，因為東亞峰會為迎接我們時代的挑戰發揮了日益重要的作用。我還宣佈，奧巴馬總統指示我以適當的身份代表美國參加今年在河內舉行的東 亞峰會，從而繼續進行磋商的程序，以期在2011年實現美國在國家首腦一級全面參與。通過這些磋商，我們將與東亞峰會成員共同努力，推動峰會發展成本世紀亞洲的一個基礎性安全和政治機制。總統還期待著主持今秋在美國舉行的第2屆美國-東盟領導人會議。

今天，我們討論了一系列緊迫的挑戰，包括北韓和緬甸問題。我要求我國的夥伴和盟國繼續全面透明地執行聯合國安理會第1874號決議，敦促北韓履行其國際義務。我還敦促緬甸為舉行可信任的選舉創造必要的條件，包括釋放所有的政治犯，特別是釋放昂山素姬（Aung San Suu Kyi），並尊重基本人權，停止對國內少數族裔的攻擊。我在今天的會議上表示，關鍵問題是緬甸需要听取鄰國的要求，遵守其根據不擴散核武器條約承擔的義務，履行國際原子能機構的保障責任，服從第1874號和1718號決議。

我們還討論了其他一系列重要問題：氣候變化、貿易和經濟一體化、民主與人權等。我希望利用這個機會，並與東盟和東盟區域論壇的代表一起，闡明我國政府對涉及本地區安全與繁榮的一個問題，即南中國海問題的立場。

我準備簡要地介紹我們對這個問題的看法。與其他任何國家一樣，美國認為實現航行自由、自由利用亞洲共享海域及在南中國海維護國際法符合本國的國家利益。我們不僅與東盟成員或東盟區域論壇參與方，而且與其他沿海國家及廣大的國際社會都一致認同這些利益。

美國支持提出某些主權要求的各方在不受外來壓力的情況下，通過相互合作的外交程序，協商解決各种領土爭端。我們反對提出主權要求的任何一方使用或 威脅使用武力。

對涉及南中國海（South China Sea）地貌特徵的互有爭議的各种領土爭端，美國不偏向任何一方，但是，我們認為提出主權要求的各方應根據《聯合國海洋法公約》（United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea）尋求各自對領土及附帶權利和海域權利提出的要求。根據國際法慣例，對南中國海海域主權提出的合理要求應當完全派生於按地貌特徵提出的合理要求。

美國支持東盟-中國於2002年發佈的《南中國海各方行為宣言》（Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea）。我們鼓勵各方就一項全面的行為准則達成協議。美國願意促進與該宣言一致的倡議和建立信心的措施。因為在合法的條件下進行不受阻礙的通商符合所有權利索求方的利益，也符合更廣大的國際社會的利益。尊重國際社會的利益，本著負責任的態度努力解決這些懸而未決的索求，有助於為解決爭端和減緩區域緊張局勢創造條件。我希望就《聯合國海洋法公約》補充一點。該公約在美國獲得兩黨一致的強有力支持，我們在今後一年中的一項重點外交事務就是爭取該公約在參議院 獲得批准。

因此，這是一個內容非常豐富的日程，包含對關鍵問題進行坦率而卓有成效的討論。今年部長級會議的主題是：將設想轉化為行動。我認為，這是對我們試圖通過這些機制要做的事情的完美總結。我們擁有共同的設想和遠大的目標。但是，如往常一樣，對成功的最真實的驗證在於我們如何把設想轉化為行動，為實現我們改善未來的大目標持續取得具體進展。因此，我們此時此刻就應為之努力。下面我可以回答諸位的一些問題。
（回答問題部分略）
美國國務院國際信息局





Comments by Secretary Clinton in Hanoi, Vietnam
Discusses U.S.-Vietnam relations, ASEAN Forum, North Korea
23 July 2010
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE
Office of the Spokesman
July 23, 2010

REMARKS
Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton Press Availability
July 23, 2010

National Convention Center
Hanoi, Vietnam

SECRETARY CLINTON: Well good afternoon everyone. Today I complete my fifth trip to Asia since becoming Secretary of State. Yesterday, I arrived in Vietnam and I was honored to be here to help celebrate the 15th anniversary of the normalization of our diplomatic relations. The day before, I was in Seoul, my third visit to Korea as Secretary. Together, Secretary Gates and I have sent the strong message that 60 years after the outbreak of the Korean War the U.S.-Korea alliance is strong, helping to underwrite peace and security and create the conditions for economic growth throughout the region.

And now I’ve just completed two days of intensive consultations with my ASEAN colleagues and with the other partners who have come here to pursue a common endeavor: strengthening security, prosperity, and opportunity across Asia.

Yesterday, I participated in the annual U.S.-ASEAN post-ministerial meeting where we discussed my country’s deepening engagement with Southeast Asia and the opportunities we see ahead on so many fronts – from expanded trade investment, to greater cooperation on peace and security, to joint efforts to confront transnational challenges, like climate change, human trafficking, nuclear proliferation, and so much else.

And today I’ve joined the annual meeting of the larger ASEAN regional forum to continue and expand our discussions. As I stated when I attended this forum last summer in Thailand, the Obama Administration is committed to broad, deep, and sustained engagement in Asia. And as I discussed in a speech in Hawaii last fall, we are focused on helping strengthen the institutional architecture of the Asia Pacific.

Over the last 18 months we have signed the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation, announced our intention to open a mission and name an ambassador to ASEAN in Jakarta, and held the first U.S.-ASEAN summit. And we have pursued new sub-regional efforts like our new Mekong Delta partnership.

To build on that progress I conveyed to my colleagues our interest in engaging with the East Asia Summit as it plays an increasing role in the challenges of our time. And I announced that President Obama had asked me to represent the United States in an appropriate capacity at this year’s EAS in Hanoi to continue a process of consultations with a view toward full American participation at the presidential level in 2011. Through these consultations we will be working with EAS members to encourage its development into a foundational security and political institution for Asia in this century. The President also looks forward to hosting the second U.S.-ASEAN leaders meeting in the United States this coming autumn.

Today we discussed a number of urgent challenges including North Korea and Burma. I encouraged our partners and allies to continue to implement fully and transparently UN Security Council Resolution 1874, and to press North Korea to live up to its international obligations. I also urged Burma to put in place the necessary conditions for credible elections including releasing all political prisoners, especially Aung San Suu Kyi, respecting basic human rights, and ceasing attacks against their ethnic minorities. And as I said in our meetings today, it is critical that Burma hear from its neighbors about the need to abide by its commitments, under the nuclear non-proliferation treaty, to fulfill its IAEA safeguards obligations and complies with Resolutions 1874 and 1718.

We also discussed a number of other important topics: climate change, trading and economic integration, democracy and human rights. And I took the opportunity along with a number of my ASEAN and ASEAN Regional Forum colleagues to set forth my government’s position on an issue that implicates the security and prosperity of the region, the South China Sea.
I’d like to briefly outline our perspective on this issue. The United States, like every nation, has a national interest in freedom of navigation, open access to Asia’s maritime commons, and respect for international law in the South China Sea. We share these interests not only with ASEAN members or ASEAN Regional Forum participants, but with other maritime nations and the broader international community.

The United States supports a collaborative diplomatic process by all claimants for resolving the various territorial disputes without coercion. We oppose the use or threat of force by any claimant. While the United States does not take sides on the competing territorial disputes over land features in the South China Sea, we believe claimants should pursue their territorial claims and the company and rights to maritime space in accordance with the UN convention on the law of the sea. Consistent with customary international law, legitimate claims to maritime space in the South China Sea should be derived solely from legitimate claims to land features.

The U.S. supports the 2002 ASEAN-China declaration on the conduct of parties in the South China Sea. We encourage the parties to reach agreement on a full code of conduct. The U.S. is prepared to facilitate initiatives and confidence building measures consistent with the declaration. Because it is in the interest of all claimants and the broader international community for unimpeded commerce to proceed under lawful conditions. Respect for the interests of the international community and responsible efforts to address these unresolved claims and help create the conditions for resolution of the disputes and a lowering of regional tensions. Let me add one more point with respect to the Law of the Sea Convention. It has strong bipartisan support in the United States, and one of our diplomatic priorities over the course of the next year is to secure its ratification in the Senate.

So this was a very full agenda with candid and productive discussions of critical issues. The theme of this year’s ministerial was: Turning Vision into Action. And I think that’s the perfect summary of what we’re trying to do through these institutions. We have a shared vision and ambitious goals. But as always, the truest measure of our success will be at how well we turn our vision into action by making concrete consistent progress for our goals for a better future. And so it is now time for us to get to work and for me to take some of your questions.

MODERATOR: We have time for a few questions. The first is from Ms. Ha from VTV.

QUESTION: Thank you, Madam Hillary Clinton. My question is that what is your comments about how the South China Sea or East Sea issue was brought about in the AF this year, and into the – the way how to deal with this issue (inaudible).

SECRETARY CLINTON: Thank you. I think that 12 participants raised the South China Sea and general maritime navigation and claim issues in our discussion. Because if you look at a map of this region, there are many countries that are increasing their trade, their commercial maritime traffic. There is a lot of activity. This is some of the busiest sea lanes in the world, and there’s a concern that we all abide by the international rules in order to determine how to proceed and certainly, the 12 participants including the United States, that raise this issue would want to see the application of the principles agreed to previously by ASEAN, the existing international laws and regulations and the custom of how all these countries in this region can share this common space of the oceans. And I thought it was a very productive conversation.

MODERATOR: The next question is from Mark Landler of the New York Times.

QUESTION: Thank you, Madam Secretary. I wonder whether I could ask you to take a step back at the end of this trip. In the past, we – you’ve been in countries that represent American wars past, present, and one hopes not future. But I’m wondering as you go home, whether there’s a common thread or a lesson from Vietnam, South Korea that can be applied to our current and very difficult campaign in Afghanistan.

SECRETARY CLINTON: Well, I hope that some time in the future, Afghanistan is doing as well as South Korea and Vietnam are. The extraordinary economic progress, the strengthening of institutions that we’ve seen over the last 60 years in South Korea, and certainly the last 35 years in Vietnam, are encouraging to anyone who hopes for the best for Afghanistan. But I think you also recognize that this is hard work, that it takes a lot of patience and persistence.
The history of democracy and prosperity in South Korea was one that was very hard fought, not only the Korean War, but years and years of trying to overcome the difficulties of establishing democratic institutions that would be strong enough to really get rooted in society, of overcoming all kinds of challenges. And as I said yesterday in a speech that I delivered here in Hanoi, one of the lessons that are very important for all of us is to see how 15 years after the normalization of relations between the United States and Vietnam, 35 years after the end of a war, the partnership and cooperation between the United States and Vietnam is increasing by the day.

I travel all over the world as some of you travel with me now. And one of the biggest challenges I face as Secretary of State are the many places in the world today that cannot overcome their own past, cannot put aside the pain and the anguish of the conflicts and disappointments, the oppression, and despair that they experienced or their grandparents experienced.
So both South Korea and Vietnam are very important models for other countries around the world. And I certainly expressed, in Afghanistan, my hope that Afghanistan will be able to build a stronger government, deliver results for the people, demonstrate that democracy can work, provide an inclusive society with a growing economy, and overcome its legacy of war and conflict as well.

MODERATOR: And our last question from Elise Labott of CNN.

QUESTION: Thank you, Madam Secretary. You talked today a little bit about North Korea’s – your concern about North Korea’s nuclear program and today the North Korean, threaten, I quote, ǒphysical responseō to your planned exercises with South Korea. Are you worried about an escalation? And as you talk about North Korea’s nuclear ambitions, you’ve raised concern today about Burma’s nuclear ambitions and it’s trying to seek a nuclear weapon. You have some very protracted negotiations with South Korea over civil nuclear programs. Are you concerned that all of this activity will spark an arms race in Asia where other states feel that they’re going to have to develop a nuclear program to keep up? Thank you.

SECRETARY CLINTON: Well, Elise, the threat of a nuclear arms race is one of the greatest dangers facing the world today. As I said in my participation during the ASEAN Regional Forum, we regret and condemn the actions of North Korea, the belligerence, the provocation, the sinking of the South Korean ship Cheonan, the destabilizing effect that that has in Northeast Asia, the proliferation of both conventional arms and nuclear technical knowhow. Because we do consider it to be a very serious problem, not only in Northeast Asia, but unfortunately, consequences throughout the rest of the world.

Yet at the same time, and I have said repeatedly and said again today, the door remains open for North Korea. If they are willing to commit themselves as they did five years ago in 2005 to the irreversible denuclearization that would make the entire Korean Peninsula, not just the South, but the North as well free of nuclear weapons, we are willing to meet with them. We’re willing to negotiate, to move toward normal relations, economic assistance. We want to help the people of North Korea. We would love for them to have the same opportunities that the people of South Korea have been able to enjoy during the last 60 years.

So it is distressing when North Korea continues its threats and causes so much anxiety among its neighbors and the larger region, but we will demonstrate once again through our military exercises as we did when Bob Gates and I visited in Seoul together two days ago – that the United States stands in firm support of the defense of South Korea and we will continue to do so.

But we of course would welcome the day when there is peace on the Peninsula and when the leaders of North Korea are less concerned about making threats and more concerned about making opportunities for all of the North Korean men, women, and children. I would very much like to see that come to pass and, as I say, we stand ready to do so. But under these circumstances, it appears unlikely that we’ll be able to make any progress in the near term.

MODERATOR: Thank you all for coming.

(Distributed by the Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State.)